Figs the genus ficus pdf

The genus ficus 1st edition ephraim philip lansky helena. The afrotropical fig wasp fauna is however poorly known. The genus ficus moraceae constitutes one of the largest. However, rather little is known about the role of these species in rural livelihoods. Ficus is a genus of about under the family moraceae, containing approximately 750 species of fig trees, 150 shrubs and vines native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the warm temperate zone. Ficus pumila, commonly known as the creeping fig or climbing fig, is a species of flowering plant in the mulberry family, native to east asia china, japan, vietnam and naturalized in parts of the southeastern and southcentral united states. Sep 24, 2014 the genus ficus, collectively known as figs, is a key component of tropical forests and is well known for its ethnobotanical importance. There are other species endemic in nsw, such as the moreton bay fig and port jackson fig, but these are not edible. A traditional favorite fruit tree of the deep south, edible fig ficus carica is a lowbranching plant with multiple trunks. Ficus is a large genus with some 2000 tropical and subtropical tree, shrub and vine species distributed around the whole world.

A ficus carica common fig ficus is a pantropical genus of trees, shrubs, and vines occupying a wide variety of ecological niches. Ficus, genus of about 900 species of trees, shrubs, and vines in the family moraceae, many of which are commonly known as figs. Reconstructing the phylogeny of figs ficus, moraceae to. Description ficus altissima is a large woody tree, 2530 m tall and 4090 cm in diameter. Figs are present at some stage of development throughout the year within nearly all populations of ficus, thus ensuring the survival of the fig wasps, which are shortlived after leaving the figs. In recent decades an increasing number of studies have shown the indigenous knowledge about wild edible ficus species and their culinary or medicinal value. The genus ficus traditional herbal medicines for modern times book 9. Beginning as a seedling that grows on other plants hemiepiphyte or rocks, f. What is commonly referred to as a ficus is technically a weeping fig. They live on all continents in the tropical regions and are very suitable for being kept as indoor. Figs, the ficus trees, are an understudied genus in modern pharmacognosy. The outside skin is purplishbronze to light brown and the flesh is rosecolored. The dense, rounded canopy and gracefully drooping branches of weeping fig made it quite popular as a landscape tree until recently. An ethnobotanical study of the less known wild edible figs.

Ficus rubiginosa, commonly known as the rusty fig or port jackson fig damun in the dharug language, is a species of flowering plant native to eastern australia in the genus ficus. The genus includes one species, ficus carica known as common fig that produces fruits commercially known as fig. Strangler figs and other strangler species are common in tropical forests throughout the world. Entirely developed and ripe fig features bell or pear shape with succulent, juicy flesh inside. A study by weiblen 2000 based on its sequences and morphology included 46, mainly dioecious, species of ficus. Terdiri dari sekitar 850 spesies, jenisjenis ficus ini dapat berupa pohon kayu, semak, tumbuhan menjalar dan epifit serta hemiepifit dalam familia moraceae. It is ordinarily deciduous and commonly referred to as fig. Various partsof the plant like bark, leaves, tender shoots, fruits, seeds,and latex are. Morphology the genus ficus falling within evergreen, semievergreen and deciduous species, which occupy almost any possible plant form, such as trees of large, medium and low growth, as well as shrubs, vines and climbers. The fig species of greatest commercial importance is ficus carica l. Pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties of ficus. In general, although not very commonly reported, irritation is a notable negative effect of genus ficus.

Figs ficus, moraceae would qualify on the basis of any of these criteria. The matured fig has a tough peel pure green, green suffused with. The dataset supports previous claims that ficus is the most important plant genus for tropical fruit eating animals, but it also shows that some figs are indeed more equal than others. Although a strangler fig often smothers and outcompetes its host, there is some evidence that. Members of this genus are difficult to distinguish by their flowers, but can be differentiated by habit, whether they are banyans or not, by leaf shape, and by their figs whistler, 2000. As of 2006, 19 species of fig wasp were known to associate with the cape fig, these belonging to genera acophila, apocrypta, apocryptophagus, ceratosolen, eukoebelea, idarnes, sycomacophila, sycophaga, sycophila, sycoscapter and watshamiella. Secara umum jenisjenisnya dikenal sebagai ara, pohon ara atau kayu ara mink.

Many species have large and extraordinarily beautiful foliage, which varies in color, texture, venation, and margination. Most ficus species are evergreen, but some are completely deciduous such as ficus carica, depending on seasonal temperatures and rainfall. Ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family moraceae. The weird sex life of figs the weird sex life of the fig the common fig is a member of the genus ficus. Ficus constituted one of thelargest genera of medicinal plants with about750 species of woody plants, trees, and shrubs primarily occurring in subtropicaland tropical regions through out the world. Biogeography and conservation of the genus ficus moraceae. Ficus is a genus of about under the family moraceae, containing approximately 750 species of fig trees, 150 shrubs and vines native throughout the. Pdf ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs.

Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading figs. Many fig species are also pioneers and play a significant role in forest succession in the tropics corner 1967. We love getting to know and have fun with our customers while offering a much more personal touch. Jan 22, 20 the paper explains this diversity and assesses the roles these animals play as ficus seed dispersers.

Dried figs, indeed, are a highly concentrated source of minerals and vitamins. Fig cultivation began in mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago and is attested by ancient sources, including biblical literature and egyptian hieroglyphics. Ficus linnaeus moraceae is considered as a keystone genus in tropical rain forests as it plays primary roles in ecosystem, due to its fruits and leaves which are eaten by insects, birds and animals throughout the year. Ficus carica, the common fig, is the species known around the world for its edible fig and has been cultivated for thousands of years, with traces of found. The genus ficus is made up of about 1,000 species from pantropical and subtropical origins wagner et al. However, rather little is known about the role of these species in rural livelihoods, because of both. Figs have been generally accepted as having four 4 types.

Diversity and conservation of ficus linnaeus moraceae in. Ficus, the largest genus in the fig family, contains the banyan and the. For example, the figs of 14 ficus species have been evaluated for their polysaccharide levels, while the figs of 6 of the species included were never cited as having dietary uses liu et al. Studies on leaf venation in selected taxa of the genus ficus l. Edible species of ficus include ficus auriculata edible young leaves and female fruit, f. Ficus, the fig genus, consists of over 800 species and is one of about 40 genera of the mulberryfamily. Ficus carica is a temperate species, native to southwest asia and the mediterranean region from afghanistan to. Ficus figs belongs to the moraceae family and is one of the largest angiosperm genera, with approximately species worldwide berg 1990 distributed. Frodin 2004 ranked them as the twentyfirst largest genus of seed plants. Pdf the genus ficus is unique by its closed inflorescence fig holding all flowers inside its cavity, which is isolated from the outside world by a. This book present a multidisciplinary approach to the botany, chemistry, and pharmacology of fig trees and figs of the ficus species, including the fig of commerce, ficus carica, the rubber tree, ficus elastic, and the bo tree, ficus religiosa.

A tissue culture technique for seed germination and asexual propagation of the jellyfig ficus pumila l. Care for the ficus bonsai tree retusa ginseng bonsai. In the middle south, it may freeze back to the ground during cold winters and act like a big shrub. Pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties of ficus carica. Ficus, the genus to which fig trees belong, has over species that occur throughout the pantropics. On some arthropods associated with ficus species core. Ficus wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. Koninklijke nederlandse akademie van wetenschappen.

The figs ficus species, moraceae are among the largest genera of angiosperms with approximately 750 species of trees, epiphytes and shrubs in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Care for the ficus bonsai tree retusa ginseng bonsai empire. Aim the main objective of this study is to document the biogeographical patterns, endemism and degree of conservation of the species of ficus moraceae in mexico. Ficus moraceae comprises one of the largest genera of angiosperms with more than 800 species of trees, shrubs, hemiepiphytes, climbers, and creepers in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. Ficus species can only be pollinated by their associated agaonid wasps and in turn, the wasps can only lay eggs within their associated. Join our friendly community that shares tips and ideas for gardens, along with seeds and plants. Strangler fig, also called strangler, any of numerous species of tropical figs genus ficus, family moraceae named for their pattern of growth upon host trees, which often results in the hosts death.

Identification and control in commercial greenhouse operations 2 production ornamental ficus propagation in florida is achieved through three primary methods. Ficus carica linn is the most popular member of the genus ficus, and it is known by more than 5 names table 1. It is almost universally known simply as fig, common fig, or edible fig. This genus is an important genetic resource due to its high economic and nutritional values and also an important part of the biodiversity in the rainforest ecosystem. A taxonomic revision of the australian ficus species in the section malvanthera ficus subg. The genus ficus includes more than 800 species belonging to the mulberry family moraceae chawla et al. Figs have a wider variety of growth forms than any other tropical plant genus including shrubs, woody lianas, hemiepiphytes, epiphytes, and trees. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of ficus carica. Watson2 introduction this is a huge tree growing to 60 feet tall and 60 to 70 feet wide fig.

Traditional and current uses of figs in medicine are discussed in detail. A total of 10 species of ficus linnaeus was collected in chakrashila wildlife sanctuary, kokrajhar district of assam. Plants belonging to the genus ficus do not display an obvious flower like most other fruit crops. Botanically figs belong to the mulberry family moraceae, in the genus. This book present a multidisciplinary approach to the botany, chemistry, and pharmacology of fig trees and figs of the ficus species, including the fig of commerce, ficus carica, the rubber tree, ficus elastic, and the bo tree, ficus. Many are tall forest trees that are buttressed by great spreading roots.

Ficus is a large genus of about 800 tree and shrub species native to the tropics and subtropics that are often cultivated beyond their native range for their fig fruits or as ornamentals. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semiwarm temperate zone. Figweb provides an online resource that can be used as a virtual field guide to the figs of a specific geographical region, facilitating the identification of fig species in the field and promoting the collection of the associated fig wasp fauna from correctly identified host fig species. Sep 16, 20 ficus includes 23 species of hemiepiphytes and lithophytes which produce aerial and creeping root systems. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. We also want to make sure we continually keep the store feeling new with. Many ficus species are hosts of laccifer lacca kerr, a scale insect that secrets a resinous substance194. Although the extraordinary mutualism between figs and their pollinating wasps has received much attention, the p. This book presents a multidisciplinary approach to the botany, chemistry, and pharmacology of fig trees and figs of the ficus species, including the fig of commerce, ficus carica, the rubber tree, ficus elastic, and the bo tree, ficus.

The genus isremarkable for the large variation in the habits of itsspecies1. Each species of ficus has an associated species of agaonid wasp hymenoptera. Ficus carica is an asian species of flowering plant in the mulberry family, known as the common fig or just the fig. Figs and the diversity of tropical rainforests bioscience. A developing main crop of calimyrna figs j brien the plant the edible fig ficus carica is a member of the genus ficus. The main research efforts into the classification and identification of figs in the genus ficus carica are summarized briefly. Although it is native to subhimalayan tract, bengal, and central india, it has been extensively cultivated worldwide. The genus ficus ephraim philip lansky, helena maaria. Stipules often connate, lateral to amplexicaul and enclosing terminal leaf bud, caducous or. Reconstructing the phylogeny of figs ficus, moraceae chicago. The genus ficus with a history as ancient as any cultivated fruit, many believe the fig has been with us even longer than the.

The genus name ficus is the latin name for the edible fig. Native to the middle east and western asia, it has been sought out and cultivated since ancient times and is now widely grown throughout the world. Air layers are traditionally made on the stock plants of f. The small to mediumsized fruit is sweet like sugar with a smooth rich flavor. There are over 750 species of the genus ficus distributed worldwide, and mexico practically represents its northernmost limit in the american continent. Figs have a wider variety of growth forms than any other. All species of the genus ecphylus with known hostparasitoid relationships are larval. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of ficus. This book present a multidisciplinary approach to the botany, chemistry, and.

Meaning, importance and medicinal value family moraceae. The fruit syconium or fig and reproduction systems of species in the genus ficus are unique. Species the species name, citrifolia, a combination of the latin prefix citri, meaning citronlike, and the latin suffix folia, meaning leaved, describes the trees leaves, which look similar to those of many citrus species. Its a member of the ficus genus of plants, which also includes rubber trees and fig fruit trees, but when it comes to houseplants, most people refer to a weeping fig ficus benjamina as simply a ficus. Fig is rich in natural health benefiting phytonutrients, antioxidants, and vitamins.

The fig s native regions are todays leading production areas. This edible fig is widely grown for its fruit and is commercially grown in the u. With a history as ancient as any cultivated fruit, many believe the fig has been with us even longer than the pomegranate. As such, a discussion of their biology with respect to the diversity of species in tropical lowland rainforests is overdue. Globally, ficus is a diverse genus, and figs are found in all lowland tropical rainforests. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. The genus ficus, collectively known as figs, is a key component of tropical forests and is well known for its ethnobotanical importance.

Ficus carica, the common fig, is the species known around the world for its edible fig and has been cultivated for thousands of years, with traces of found in excavations of neolithic sites traced to at least 5,000 bc morton, 1987. There is differing information about the number of existing ficus species, there may be between 800 and 2000. The genus shows considerable diversity in floral morphology and has been divided into a number of distinct genera, but the over all inflorescence. The genus ficus traditional herbal medicines for modern times book 9 kindle edition by lansky, ephraim philip, paavilainen, helena maaria. The etymology of the species name corresponds to the latin word pumilus meaning dwarf, and refers to the. The ficus genus belongs to the family of mulberry plants moraceae and is the most popular indoor tree species for beginners at bonsai. The ficus constitutes one of the largest and hardiest genera of flowering plants featuring as many as 750 species. Pdf comparative anatomy of the fig wall ficus, moraceae. Ficus is one of the most diverse plant genera in regard to growth habit.

The common fig ficus carica is a small tree native to southwest asia but widely planted in north america. This book presents a multidisciplinary approach to the botany, chemistry, and pharmacology of fig trees and figs of the ficus species, including the fig of commerce, ficus carica, the rubber tree, ficus elastic, and the bo tree, ficus religiosa. It is the source of the fruit also called the fig and as such is an important crop in those areas where it is grown commercially. Members of this genus are difficult to distinguish by their flowers, but can be differentiated by habit, whether they are banyans or not, by leaf shape. Native primarily to tropical areas of east asia, they are distributed throughout the worlds tropics. Common fig, edible fig, fig tree bailey and bailey 1976, neal 1965. Moraceae in india article pdf available in taiwania 572. Ficus, genus ficus, genus of about 900 species of trees, shrubs, and vines in the family moraceae, many of which are commonly known as figs. Classification, description and uses genus ficus ficus l. All members of the genus share the distinctive inflorescence syconium, which is the site of an intricate mutualism with pollinating fig wasps of the subfamily.